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含碳酸鹽脈石氧化銅礦的酸浸動力學

Leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue in the acid condition

  • 摘要: 針對碳酸鹽脈石對氧化銅礦酸浸動力學的影響進行探討,研究了溫度、酸度、礦石粒徑、液固質量比、振蕩速度等因素對含碳酸鹽脈石氧化銅礦浸出的影響.結果表明,高溫、高酸度、高液固質量比、小粒徑和高振蕩速度利于礦石的浸出,但碳酸鹽脈石使得酸耗增加.考慮浸出成本確定合理的浸出條件為溫度303 K、酸度35 g·L-1、礦石粒徑0.074~0.125 mm、液固質量比3∶1以及振蕩速度180 r·min-1,浸出180 min后銅浸出率達53.6%.對浸出前后礦石表面形貌進行分析.結果顯示碳酸鹽脈石與酸反應后在礦石表面形成CaSO4·2H2O沉淀,覆蓋在顆粒表面,限制了礦石顆粒孔裂隙的發育.基于收縮未反應核模型對浸出動力學進行分析,發現碳酸鹽脈石反應生成的沉淀阻礙了浸出反應,固體產物層擴散為浸出反應的控制步驟,反應的表觀活化能為8.65 kJ·mol-1.

     

    Abstract: This article is focused on the leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue.The effects of temperature,acid concentration,particle size,liquid-to-solid ratio and stirring rate on leaching of the copper oxide ore were determined.The results show that high temperature,high acid concentration,high liquid-to-solid ratio,low particle size and high stirring rate benefit the copper leaching.However,the carbonate gangue leads to a high consumption of acid.In consideration of leaching cost,the proper leaching condition is the temperature of 303 K,acid concentration of 35 g·L-1,particle size of 0.074-0.125 mm,liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1,and stirring rate of 180 r·min-1.After leaching for 180 min,the copper leaching rate reaches 53.6%.The morphologies of the ore surface before and after leaching were investigated and the results reveal that the carbonate gangue dissolves in the acid solution and CaSO4·2H2O precipitation forms on the ore surface,which limits the development of porosity and cracks.Based on the shrinking core model,the leaching kinetic was analyzed.It is found that the precipitation on the ore surface hinders the leaching reaction.The diffusion across the product layer is the rate-controlling step and the activation energy is determined to be 8.65 kJ·mol-1.

     

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