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再生鉛低溫堿性固硫熔煉的實驗研究

Extraction of lead from secondary lead through a low-temperature alkaline and sulfur-fixing smelting process

  • 摘要: 針對我國傳統再生鉛生產工藝所存在的熔煉溫度高、能耗大、鉛和低濃度SO2煙氣污染嚴重等弊端,在對NaOH-C-PbSO4-ZnO低溫堿性煉鉛體系進行理論分析的基礎上,提出了一種再生鉛的低溫堿性固硫熔煉新工藝.以廢鉛酸蓄電池膠泥(以下簡稱膠泥)為實驗原料,采用單因素實驗法分別考察NaOH用量、熔煉溫度、焦粉用量及固硫劑ZnO用量對金屬鉛直收率和ZnO固硫率的影響.獲得優化實驗條件如下:m(NaOH)/m(膠泥)=60%,熔煉溫度為860℃,m(焦粉)/m(膠泥)=10%,m(ZnO)=m(理論量).在此優化條件下進行綜合擴大實驗,鉛的直收率為99.09%,獲得粗鉛品位為98.86%,ZnO固硫率為93.37%.X射線衍射圖譜分析可知,反應后原料中硫主要以ZnS的形式固定在渣中,NaOH絕大部分轉變為Na2CO3,生產過程中無SO2氣體排放.

     

    Abstract: In view of serious shortcomings existing in a traditional secondary lead pyrometallurgical process such as high smelting temperature,large energy consumption and low concentration of SO2 fume together with lead vapor pollution,a low-temperature alkaline and sulfur-fixing smelting process of secondary lead was proposed in this work based on a thermodynamic analysis of the NaOHC-PbSO4-ZnO low-temperature alkaline system. The effects of NaOH amount,smelting temperature,coke amount and ZnO addition on the alkaline and sulfur-fixing smelting of spent lead-acid battery colloid sludge(hereinafter referred to as colloid sludge) which was used as the test material were investigated by single factor experiments. The optimum conditions were determined as follows:m(NaO H)/m(colloid sludge)=60%,temperature 860℃,m(coke)/m(colloid sludge)=10%,and m(ZnO)=m(theoretic). Under these above-mentioned optimum conditions,the average direct recovery ratio of lead was 99.09%,the average grade of crude lead was 98.86%,and the average sulfur-fixing rate for ZnO was 93.37%. XRD spectra indicated that sulfur contained in the material was mainly fixed in the solid residue in the form of zinc sulfide,most of NaO H was converted into Na2CO3,and no SO2 emission existed in the smelting process.

     

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