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石墨烯的制備及其超級電容性能

Preparation and supercapacitive performance of high-quality graphene material

  • 摘要: 以鱗片石墨為原料,采用化學氧化還原法制備了高品質的石墨烯.借助X射線衍射分析、掃描電子顯微鏡和透射電子顯微鏡觀察、氮氣吸附-脫附實驗、恒流充放電實驗、循環伏安法和交流阻抗譜技術對石墨烯的結構、形貌、表面性能和超級電容性能進行了系統研究.X射線衍射、掃描電鏡和透射電鏡結果表明,石墨烯整體上呈現無序結構,外觀具有蓬松、透明的薄紗狀及本征性皺褶,其BET比表面積為14.2m2·g-1,總孔容為0.06cm3·g-1,平均孔徑為17.3nm.交流阻抗譜測試結果表明,石墨烯電極具有較小的阻抗,其等效串聯電阻為0.16 Ω,電荷傳遞電阻為0.55 Ω.恒流充放電和循環伏安測試結果顯示:石墨烯電極具有良好的功率特性和循環穩定性,電容特征顯著.在2、5、10和20mV·s-1掃描速度下的放電比電容分別為123、113、101和89 F·g-1;即使是50mV·s-1的高掃速,放電比電容仍可達69F·g-1.

     

    Abstract: High quality graphene material was prepared from flake graphite by chemical oxidation-reduction process. Its microstructure, morphology, surface properties and supercapacitive performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, galvanostatic charge/discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD results show that the crystal structure of the graphene is amorphous. SEM and TEM images show that the graphene plays flake-like shapes with wrinkles and ripples. Moreover, the graphene has porous structure with a BET specific surface area of 14.2 m2·g-1, total pore volume of 0.06 cm3·g-1, and average pore diameter of 17.3 nm. EIS results show that the graphene electrode has a smaller impedance, the equivalent series resistance is 0.16 Ω, and the charge transfer resistance is 0.55 Ω. Galvanostatic charge/discharge test and CV analysis indicate that the graphene exhibits enhanced capacitance, high current charge/discharge characteristics, and stable cycle life as a supercapacitor electrode. It delivers the discharge specific capacities of 123, 113, 101 and 89 F·g-1 at the scan rates of 2, 5, 10, and 20 mV·s-1, respectively. Even though the scan rate is 50 mV·s-1, the discharge specific capacity retains 69 F·g-1.

     

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