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爐料連續預熱式電爐煉鋼技術探討

Technology of metallurgy for continuous scrap preheating electric arc furnace

  • 摘要: 在廢鋼入爐熔煉前,利用電爐產生的高溫廢氣進行廢鋼預熱,節能效果明顯.爐料連續預熱式電爐過程實現廢鋼連續加料、連續預熱及連續熔化,電弧加熱熔池、熔池熔化廢鋼,與普通電爐有著很大的區別.為了實現高效節能、追求流程設備順行及其指標優化,本文在研究爐料連續預熱式電爐工藝特點的基礎上,提出如下論點:應對電爐爐襯的砌筑、供電、吹氧去碳、造渣脫磷等予以重視;由于全程"平熔池期",給電一開始電弧就加熱鋼水、就對渣線進行高溫輻射,這就必須考慮保護渣線,因此,要求全程造泡沫渣進行埋弧操作;全程"平熔池期"及"變渣線"現象,要求渣線鎂碳磚的砌筑要向下加厚(~300mm),增加抵御變渣線的能力;爐料連續預熱式電爐變壓器參數的確定,既要考慮電弧對廢鋼的熔化(電壓要高些)、又要考慮電弧對平熔池的加熱及保溫的要求(電壓要低些),供電上根據電弧的遮蔽狀態(廢鋼或爐渣的遮蔽狀態)確定電壓的大小;為了最大限度節能及環保,必須采取余熱再利用技術,二堊英新的公害值得重視與研究.

     

    Abstract: Before putting the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace (EAF), using the high-temperature exhaust gas generating from EAF to preheat it can bring obvious energy-saving effect. Continuous scrap preheating EAF is different from the ordinary EAF in the way of the scrap steel continuous feeding, continuous preheating and melting, electric arc heating molten pool and then the molten pool melting scrap. In order to achieve high efficiency and energy-saving, ensure operating the equipment smoothly in the process and optimize the operating parameters, based on the technology features of the continuous scrap preheating EAF the research results indicate that more attention should be paid to the building of EAF lining, power supply, oxygen jet decarburization, slagging dephosphorization and so on;As the whole "flat molten bath", once the electric power is supplied, the electric arc heats the molten steel and at the same time the slag line is radiated by the high temperature electric arc, so the slag line must be protected and therefore full-time submerged arc operation by foaming slag is required;full-time "flat molten bath" and "change slag line" phenomenon need the thickness of magnesia-carbon brick on slag line increase about 300 mm, thus the resistance of slag line change can be increased;To determine the transformer parameters of the continuous preheating EAF, the following requirements should be considered:the scrap steel melting (voltage to be higher), the flat molten pool heating and heat preservation (voltage to be lower) by the electric arc. The selection of the voltage should based on the arc shielding state (scrap, or slag shelter state);in order to maximize energy-saving and environmental protection, the re-use technology of the waste heat must be applied, the pollution of dioxin deserves attention and research.

     

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